Classification of refractory properties and their application areas

I. Detailed analysis of property classification

1. Chemical composition and mineral composition

Silica refractory: mainly composed of silicon dioxide (SiO₂), with excellent resistance to acidic slag erosion, often used in siliceous bricks and other parts of blast furnaces, hot blast furnaces, and coke ovens.

Alumina silicate refractory: composed of alumina (Al₂O₃) and silicon dioxide, with good heat resistance and thermal shock resistance, widely used in high-temperature equipment such as blast furnaces, hot blast furnaces, and glass melting furnaces.

Corundum refractory: with high-purity alumina (Al₂O₃) as the main component, it has high melting point, high hardness, high strength and excellent chemical stability, suitable for various high-temperature industrial kilns.

Magnesium refractory: with magnesium oxide (MgO) as the main component, it has excellent resistance to alkaline slag erosion, and is often used in alkaline environments such as steelmaking converters and electric furnaces.

Chromium refractory: With chromium oxide (Cr₂O₃) as the main component, it has excellent high temperature resistance and oxidation resistance, and is suitable for industrial kilns in high temperature oxidizing atmosphere.

Carbon refractory: With carbon as the main component, it has the characteristics of maintaining structural stability and not easy to deform at high temperature, and is often used in blast furnaces, converters and other parts that need to withstand high temperature impact.

Zirconium refractory: With zirconium oxide (ZrO₂) as the main component, it has extremely high melting point and chemical stability, and is suitable for industrial kilns in ultra-high temperature and highly corrosive environments.

2. Physical properties and functional characteristics

High temperature stability: Refractory materials can maintain the stability of their physical and chemical properties at high temperatures without obvious deformation or melting.

Corrosion resistance: The resistance of refractory materials to chemical media such as acids, alkalis and salts, including slag resistance, permeability resistance, etc.

Thermal shock stability: Refractory materials can still maintain the stability of their structure and performance under rapid temperature changes, and are not easy to crack or peel off.

Thermal conductivity: The thermal conductivity of refractory materials varies according to their composition and structure, and can be used to control the transfer and distribution of heat.

Density and porosity: The density and porosity of refractory materials have an important influence on their performance. For example, lightweight refractory materials have lower density and higher porosity, and can be used for thermal insulation; while heavy refractory materials have higher density and lower porosity, and are used to withstand high temperatures and heavy loads.

2. Detailed analysis of application fields

1. Construction field

The application of refractory materials in the construction field is mainly reflected in improving the fire resistance level and safety performance of buildings. For example, refractory materials in fire walls, fire doors, fire windows and other parts can prevent the spread of fire; while refractory coatings, refractory glass, etc. can be used to improve the fire resistance of building components.

2. Metallurgical field

The metallurgical field is one of the main application fields of refractory materials. In high-temperature equipment such as blast furnaces, hot blast furnaces, converters, and electric furnaces, refractory materials are used for lining and insulation to protect the furnace body from high temperature erosion and slag corrosion. In addition, refractory materials are also used for lining containers such as slag pots and ladles during the smelting process.

3. Glass and ceramic industry

Glass melting furnaces and ceramic firing kilns are important application areas for refractory materials. In glass melting furnaces, refractory materials are used for heat insulation and load bearing in the melting pool, flow channel, clarifier and other parts; while in ceramic firing kilns, refractory materials are used for heat insulation and heat preservation of kiln walls, kiln tops and kiln bottoms.

4. Chemical and petrochemical fields

High-temperature and high-pressure equipment and reactors in the chemical and petrochemical fields often use refractory materials as linings and insulation layers. For example, refractory materials in equipment such as cracking furnaces, hydrogenation reactors, and synthesis towers can withstand the erosion of high temperatures and corrosive media to ensure the stable operation of the equipment.

5. Power field

Refractory materials are also widely used in boilers, steam turbines, generators and other equipment in the power field. For example, refractory materials are used in the furnace, flue, water-cooled wall and other parts of the boiler to improve thermal efficiency and reduce heat loss; while the high-temperature parts of the steam turbine use refractory materials to withstand the friction of high temperature and high-speed rotation.

6. Aerospace and new energy fields

High-temperature parts such as rocket engines and aircraft engines in the aerospace field also use refractory materials to improve their high-temperature resistance and stability. For example, refractory materials are used in the nozzles and combustion chambers of rocket engines to withstand the scouring of high temperature and high-speed airflow; while the turbine blades of aircraft engines use refractory alloys or composite materials to improve their high-temperature resistance and oxidation resistance.

Solar panels, fuel cells and other new energy fields also use refractory materials to improve their thermal stability and life. For example, the backplane of solar panels uses refractory materials to prevent deformation and aging at high temperatures; while the electrolyte membrane and electrodes in fuel cells use refractory materials to improve their high-temperature resistance and corrosion resistance.

In summary, refractory materials have attracted much attention due to their unique properties and wide application fields. With the continuous development of high-temperature industrial technology, the performance and application of refractory materials will be further improved and expanded.